Cannabis Scientific Articles
Addiction Treatment
Dreher, M. (2002). Crack heads and roots daughters: The therapeutic use of cannabis
in Jamaica. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 2(3-4), 121-133.
Labigalini, E., Jr., Rodrigues, L. R., & Da Silveira, D. X. (1999). Therapeutic
use of cannabis by crack addicts in Brazil. J Psychoactive Drugs, 31(4),
451-455.
Mathre, M. L. (1997). Risk of dependence and addiction. In M. L. Mathre (Ed.), Cannabis
in medical practice. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Mikuriya, T. H. (2004). Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol: a harm-reduction approach,.
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 4(1), 79-93.
Arthritis
Blake, D. R., Robson, P., Ho, M., Jubb, R. W., & McCabe, C. S. (2006). Preliminary
assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine
(Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology
(Oxford), 45(1), 50-52.
Malfait, A. M., Gallily, R., Sumariwalla, P. F., Malik, A. S., Andreakos, E., Mechoulam,
R., et al. (2000). The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral
anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A, 97(17), 9561-9566.
Cancer-Primary Treatment
Guzman, M. (2006). Cannabinoids: potential antitumoral agents? Cannabinoids, 1(2),
15-17.
Guzman, M., Duarte, M. J., Blazquez, C., Ravina, J., Rosa, M. C., Galve-Roperh,
I., et al. (2006). A pilot clinical study of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients
with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Br J Cancer, 95(2), 197-203.
Kogan, N. M. (2005). Cannabinoids and cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem, 5(10),
941-952.
Clinical Trials
Abrams, D. I., Hilton, J. F., Leiser, R. J., Shade, S. B., Elbeik, T. A., Aweeka,
F. T., et al. (2003). Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1
infection. A randomized, placbo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med, 139,
258-266.
Abrams, D. I., Jay, C. A., Shade, S. B., Vizoso, H., Reda, H., Press, S., et al.
(2007). Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled
trial. Neurology, 68(7), 515-521.
Abrams, D. I., Vizoso, H. P., Shade, S. B., Jay, C., Kelly, M. E., & Benowitz,
N. L. (2007). Vaporization as a smokeless cannabis delivery system: a pilot study.
Clin Pharmacol Ther.
Blake, D. R., Robson, P., Ho, M., Jubb, R. W., & McCabe, C. S. (2006). Preliminary
assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine
(Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology
(Oxford), 45(1), 50-52.
Brady, C. M., DasGupta, R., Dalton, C., Wiseman, O. J., Berkley, K. J., & Fowler,
C. J. (2004). An open-label pilot study of cannabis based extracts for bladder dysfunction
in advanced multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 10, 425-433.
Collin, C., Davies, P., Mutiboko, I. K., & Ratcliffe, S. (2007). Randomized
controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis.
Eur J Neurol, 14(3), 290-296.
Ellis, R. J., Toperoff, W., Vaida, F., van den Brande, G., Gonzales, J., Gouaux,
B., et al. (2009). Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized,
crossover clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(3), 672-680.
Haney, M., Gunderson, E. W., Rabkin, J., Hart, C. L., Vosburg, S. K., Comer, S.
D., et al. (2007). Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. Caloric
intake, mood, and sleep. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 45(5), 545-554.
Lynch, M. E., Young, J., & Clark, A. J. (2006). A case series of patients using
medicinal marihuana for management of chronic pain under the Canadian Marihuana
Medical Access Regulations. J Pain Symptom Manage, 32(5), 497-501.
Musty, R. E., & Rossi, R. (2001). Effects of smoked cannabis and oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
on nausea and emesis after cancer chemotherapy: A review of state clinical trials.
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 1(1), 29-42.
Notcutt, W., Price, M., Miller, R., Newport, S., Phillips, C., Simmonds, S., et
al. (2004). Initial experiences with medicinal extracts of cannabis for chronic
pain: results from 34 �N of 1� studies. Anaesthesia, 59, 440-452.
Notcutt, W. G., Sharief, M., Mutiboko, I., Hawkes, C., Bolt, J., & Sarantis,
N. (2006). Cannabis based medicine (Sativex) for chronic pain due to multiple sclerosis
or other neurological dysfunction: a randomised controlled trial. European Journal
of Pain, (in press).
Nurmikko, T. J., Serpell, M. G., Hoggart, B., Toomey, P. J., & Morlion, B. J.
(2005). A multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oro-mucosal
cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of neuropathic pain characterized by allodynia.
Neurology, 64(6, Suppl. 1), A374.
Rog, D. J., Nurmiko, T., Friede, T., & Young, C. (2005). Randomized controlled
trial of cannabis based medicine in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis.
Neurology, 65(6), 812-819.
Russo, E. B. (2008). Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain.
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 4(1), 245-259.
Russo, E. B., Guy, G. W., & Robson, P. J. (2007). Cannabis, Pain, and Sleep:
Lessons from Therapeutic Clinical Trials of Sativex((R)), a Cannabis-Based Medicine.
Chem Biodivers, 4(8), 1729-1743.
Russo, E. B., Mathre, M. L., Byrne, A., Velin, R., Bach, P. J., Sanchez-Ramos, J.,
et al. (2002). Chronic cannabis use in the Compassionate Investigational New Drug
Program: An examination of benefits and adverse effects of legal clinical cannabis.
Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 2(1), 3-57.
Schley, M., Legler, A., Skopp, G., Schmelz, M., Konrad, C., & Rukwied, R. (2006).
Delta-9-THC based monotherapy in fibromyalgia patients on experimentally induced
pain, axon reflex flare, and pain relief. Curr Med Res Opin, 22(7), 1269-1276.
Wade, D. T., Makela, P., Robson, P., House, H., & Bateman, C. (2004). Do cannabis-based
medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis?
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult Scler,
10(4), 434-441.
Wade, D. T., Makela, P. M., House, H., Bateman, C., & Robson, P. J. (2006).
Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other
symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 12, 639-645.
Wade, D. T., Robson, P., House, H., Makela, P., & Aram, J. (2003). A preliminary
controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve
intractable neurogenic symptoms. Clinical Rehabilitation, 17, 18-26.
Wallace, M., Schulteis, G., Atkinson, J. H., Wolfson, T., Lazzaretto, D., Bentley,
H., et al. (2007). Dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced
pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology, 107(5), 785-796.
Walther, S., Mahlberg, R., Eichmann, U., & Kunz, D. (2006). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
for nighttime agitation in severe dementia. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 185(4),
524-528.
Ware, M. A., Ducruet, T., & Robinson, A. R. (2006). Evaluation of herbal cannabis
characteristics by medical users: a randomized trial. Harm Reduct J, 3,
32.
Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T., Tsodikov, A., Millman, J., Bentley, H., Gouaux, B., et
al. (2008). A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of Cannabis Cigarettes
in Neuropathic Pain. J Pain.
Zajicek, J., Fox, P., Sanders, H., Wright, D., Vickery, J., Nunn, A., et al. (2003).
Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple
sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet,
362(9395), 1517-1526.
Zajicek, J. P., Sanders, H. P., Wright, D. E., Vickery, P. J., Ingram, W. M., Reilly,
S. M., et al. (2005). Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and
efficacy data for 12 months follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 76(12),
1664-1669.
Degenerative Diseases/Neuroprotection
Carter, G. T., & Rosen, B. S. (2001). Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis. Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 18(4), 264-270.
Eubanks, L. M., Rogers, C. J., Beuscher, A. E. t., Koob, G. F., Olson, A. J., Dickerson,
T. J., et al. (2006). A molecular link between the active component of marijuana
and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Mol Pharm, 3(6), 773-777.
Guzman, M., Duarte, M. J., Blazquez, C., Ravina, J., Rosa, M. C., Galve-Roperh,
I., et al. (2006). A pilot clinical study of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients
with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Br J Cancer, 95(2), 197-203.
Hampson, A. J., Grimaldi, M., Axelrod, J., & Wink, D. (1998). Cannabidiol and
(-)Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A, 95(14), 8268-8273.
Raman, C., McAllister, S. D., Rizvi, G., Patel, S. G., Moore, D. H., & Abood,
M. E. (2004). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: delayed disease progression in mice
by treatment with a cannabinoid. ALS and Other Motor Neuron Disorders, 5,
33-39.
Ramirez, B. G., Blazquez, C., Gomez del Pulgar, T., Guzman, M., & de Ceballos,
M. L. (2005). Prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology by cannabinoids: neuroprotection
mediated by blockade of microglial activation. J Neurosci, 25(8), 1904-1913.
Venderova, K., Ruzicka, E., Vorisek, V., & Visnovsky, P. (2004). Survey on cannabis
use in Parkinson's disease: Subjective improvement of motor symptoms. Mov Disord,
19(9), 1102.
Volicer, L., Stelly, M., Morris, J., McLaughlin, J., & Volicer, B. J. (1997).
Effects of dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer's
disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 12(9), 913-919.
Walther, S., Mahlberg, R., Eichmann, U., & Kunz, D. (2006). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
for nighttime agitation in severe dementia. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 185(4),
524-528.
Endocannabinoid System
Pacher, P., Batkai, S., & Kunos, G. (2006). The endocannabinoid system as an
emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev, 58(3), 389-462.
Fibromyalgia
Russo, E. B. (2004). Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): Can this concept
explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel
syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuroendocrinol Lett, 25(1-2),
31-39.
Schley, M., Legler, A., Skopp, G., Schmelz, M., Konrad, C., & Rukwied, R. (2006).
Delta-9-THC based monotherapy in fibromyalgia patients on experimentally induced
pain, axon reflex flare, and pain relief. Curr Med Res Opin, 22(7), 1269-1276.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Coutts, A. A., & Izzo, A. A. (2004). The gastrointestinal pharmacology of cannabinoids:
an update. Curr Opin Pharmacol, 4(6), 572-579.
Di Carlo, G., & Izzo, A. A. (2003). Cannabinoids for gastrointestinal diseases:
potential therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 12(1),
39-49.
Gabbay, E., Avraham, Y., Ilan, Y., Israeli, E., & Berry, E. M. (2005). Endocannabinoids
and liver disease--review. Liver Int, 25(5), 921-926.
Massa, F., & Monory, K. (2006). Endocannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract.
J Endocrinol Invest, 29(3 Suppl), 47-57.
Pertwee, R. G. (2001b). Cannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract. Gut, 48(6),
859-867.
Russo, E. B. (2004). Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): Can this concept
explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel
syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuroendocrinol Lett, 25(1-2),
31-39.
Sylvestre, D. L., Clements, B. J., & Malibu, Y. (2006). Cannabis use improves
retention and virological outcomes in patients treated for hepatitis C. Eur J Gastroenterol
Hepatol, 18(10), 1057-1063.
Wright, K., Rooney, N., Feeney, M., Tate, J., Robertson, D., Welham, M., et al.
(2005). Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids
promote epithelial wound healing. Gastroenterology, 129, 437-453.
General/Miscellaneous
Aggarwal, S. K., Carter, G. T., Sullivan, M. D., ZumBrunnen, C., Morril, R., &
Mayer, J. A. (2009). Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: historical
perspectives, current trends, and future directions. Journal of Opioid Management,
5(3), 153-168.
Gieringer, D. (2001). Medical use of cannabis: Experience in California. In F. Grotenhermen
& E. Russo (Eds.), Cannabis and cannabinoids: Pharmacology, toxicology, and
therapeutic potential (pp. 153-170). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
McPartland, J. M., & Russo, E. B. (2001). Cannabis and cannabis extracts: Greater
than the sum of their parts? Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 1(3-4),
103-132.
Pertwee, R. G. (2004). Receptors and pharmacodynamics:natural and synthetic cannabinoids
and endocannabinoids. In G. W. Guy, B. A. Whittle & P. Robson (Eds.), Medicinal
uses of cannabis and cannabinoids. (pp. 103-140). London: Pharmaceutical
Press.
Pertwee, R. G. (2005). The therapeutic potential of drugs that target cannabinoid
receptors or modulate the tissue levels or actions of endocannabinoids. Aaps J,
7(3), E625-654.
Pertwee, R. G. (2006). Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years. Br J Pharmacol,
147 Suppl 1, S163-171.
Russo, E. B. (2006). The role of cannabis and cannabinoids in pain management. In
B. E. Cole & M. Boswell (Eds.), Weiner�s Pain Management: A Practical Guide
for Clinicians. (7th ed., pp. 823-844). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Russo, E. B., & Guy, G. W. (2006). A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic
rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Medical Hypotheses,
66(2), 234-246.
Russo, E. B., Merzouki, A., Molero Mesa, J., Frey, K. A., & Bach, P. J. (2004).
Cannabis improves night vision: A pilot study of dark adaptometry and scotopic sensitivity
in kif smokers of the Rif Mountains of Northern Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
93(1), 99-104.
Ware, M. A., Adams, H., & Guy, G. W. (2005). The medicinal use of cannabis in
the UK: results of a nationwide survey. Int J Clin Pract, 59(3), 291-295.
Ware, M. A., Ducruet, T., & Robinson, A. R. (2006). Evaluation of herbal cannabis
characteristics by medical users: a randomized trial. Harm Reduct J, 3,
32.
HIV/AIDS
Abrams, D. I., Hilton, J. F., Leiser, R. J., Shade, S. B., Elbeik, T. A., Aweeka,
F. T., et al. (2003). Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1
infection. A randomized, placbo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med, 139,
258-266.
Abrams, D. I., Jay, C. A., Shade, S. B., Vizoso, H., Reda, H., Press, S., et al.
(2007). Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled
trial. Neurology, 68(7), 515-521.
Abrams, D. I., Vizoso, H. P., Shade, S. B., Jay, C., Kelly, M. E., & Benowitz,
N. L. (2007). Vaporization as a smokeless cannabis delivery system: a pilot study.
Ellis, R. J., Toperoff, W., Vaida, F., van den Brande, G., Gonzales, J., Gouaux,
B., et al. (2009). Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized,
crossover clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(3), 672-680.
Ellis, R. J., Toperoff, W., Vaida, F., van den Brande, G., Gonzales, J., Gouaux,
B., et al. (2009). Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized,
crossover clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(3), 672-680.
Haney, M., Gunderson, E. W., Rabkin, J., Hart, C. L., Vosburg, S. K., Comer, S.
D., et al. (2007). Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. Caloric
intake, mood, and sleep. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 45(5), 545-554.
Migraine
Akerman, S., Holland, P. R., & Goadsby, P. J. (2007). Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor
activation inhibits trigeminovascular neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 320(1),
64-71.
Akerman, S., Kaube, H., & Goadsby, P. J. (2003). Anandamide is able to inhibit
trigeminal neurons using an in vivo model of trigeminovascular-mediated nociception.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 309(1), 56-63.
Akerman, S., Kaube, H., & Goadsby, P. J. (2004). Anandamide acts as a vasodilator
of dural blood vessels in vivo by activating TRPV1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol, 142,
1354-1360.
Russo, E. B. (2001). Hemp for headache: An in-depth historical and scientific review
of cannabis in migraine treatment. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 1(2),
21-92.
Russo, E. B. (2004). Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): Can this concept
explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel
syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuroendocrinol Lett, 25(1-2),
31-39.
Multiple Sclerosis
Brady, C. M., DasGupta, R., Dalton, C., Wiseman, O. J., Berkley, K. J., & Fowler,
C. J. (2004). An open-label pilot study of cannabis based extracts for bladder dysfunction
in advanced multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 10, 425-433.
Collin, C., Davies, P., Mutiboko, I. K., & Ratcliffe, S. (2007). Randomized
controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis.
Eur J Neurol, 14(3), 290-296.
Petro, D. J. (2002). Cannabis in multiple sclerosis: Women's health concerns. Journal
of Cannabis Therapeutics, 2(3-4), 161-175.
Pertwee, R. G. (2002). Cannabinoids and multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther, 95(2),
165-174.
Rog, D. J., Nurmiko, T., Friede, T., & Young, C. (2005). Randomized controlled
trial of cannabis based medicine in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis.
Neurology, 65(6), 812-819.
Wade, D. T., Makela, P., Robson, P., House, H., & Bateman, C. (2004). Do cannabis-based
medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis?
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult Scler,
10(4), 434-441.
Wade, D. T., Makela, P. M., House, H., Bateman, C., & Robson, P. J. (2006).
Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other
symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, 12, 639-645.
Zajicek, J., Fox, P., Sanders, H., Wright, D., Vickery, J., Nunn, A., et al. (2003).
Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple
sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet,
362(9395), 1517-1526.
Zajicek, J. P., Sanders, H. P., Wright, D. E., Vickery, P. J., Ingram, W. M., Reilly,
S. M., et al. (2005). Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and
efficacy data for 12 months follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 76(12),
1664-1669.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Dreher, M. C. (1997). Cannabis and pregnancy. In M. L. Mathre (Ed.), Cannabis in
medical practice: A legal, historical and pharmacological overview of the therapeutic
use of marijuana. (pp. 159-170). Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Dreher, M. C., Nugent, K., & Hudgins, R. (1994). Prenatal marijuana exposure
and neonatal outcomes in Jamaica: an ethnographic study. Pediatrics, 93(2),
254-260.
Russo, E. (2002). Cannabis treatments in obstetrics and gynecology: A historical
review. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 2(3-4), 5-35.
Pain
Abrams, D. I., Jay, C. A., Shade, S. B., Vizoso, H., Reda, H., Press, S., et al.
(2007). Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled
trial. Neurology, 68(7), 515-521.
Ellis, R. J., Toperoff, W., Vaida, F., van den Brande, G., Gonzales, J., Gouaux,
B., et al. (2009). Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized,
crossover clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(3), 672-680.
Karsak, M., Gaffal, E., Date, R., Wang-Eckhardt, L., Rehnelt, J., Petrosino, S.,
et al. (2007). Attenuation of allergic contact dermatitis through the endocannabinoid
system. Science, 316(5830), 1494-1497.
Lynch, M. E., & Clark, A. J. (2003). Cannabis reduces opioid dose in the treatment
of chronic non-cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage, 25(6), 496-498.
Lynch, M. E., Young, J., & Clark, A. J. (2006). A case series of patients using
medicinal marihuana for management of chronic pain under the Canadian Marihuana
Medical Access Regulations. J Pain Symptom Manage, 32(5), 497-501.
Neff, G. W., O'Brien, C. B., Reddy, K. R., Bergasa, N. V., Regev, A., Molina, E.,
et al. (2002). Preliminary observation with dronabinol in patients with intractable
pruritus secondary to cholestatic liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol, 97(8),
2117-2119.
Notcutt, W., Price, M., Miller, R., Newport, S., Phillips, C., Simmonds, S., et
al. (2004). Initial experiences with medicinal extracts of cannabis for chronic
pain: results from 34 �N of 1� studies. Anaesthesia, 59, 440-452.
Notcutt, W. G., Sharief, M., Mutiboko, I., Hawkes, C., Bolt, J., & Sarantis,
N. (2006). Cannabis based medicine (Sativex) for chronic pain due to multiple sclerosis
or other neurological dysfunction: a randomised controlled trial. European Journal
of Pain, (in press).
Nurmikko, T. J., Serpell, M. G., Hoggart, B., Toomey, P. J., & Morlion, B. J.
(2005). A multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oro-mucosal
cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of neuropathic pain characterized by allodynia.
Neurology, 64(6, Suppl. 1), A374.
Pertwee, R. G. (2001a). Cannabinoid receptors and pain. Prog Neurobiol, 63(5),
569-611.
Rog, D. J., Nurmiko, T., Friede, T., & Young, C. (2005). Randomized controlled
trial of cannabis based medicine in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis.
Neurology, 65(6), 812-819.
Russo, E. B. (2004). Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): Can this concept
explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel
syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuroendocrinol Lett, 25(1-2),
31-39.
Russo, E. B. (2006). The role of cannabis and cannabinoids in pain management. In
B. E. Cole & M. Boswell (Eds.), Weiner�s Pain Management: A Practical Guide
for Clinicians. (7th ed., pp. 823-844). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Russo, E. B. (2008). Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain.
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 4(1), 245-259.
Russo, E. B., Guy, G. W., & Robson, P. J. (2007). Cannabis, Pain, and Sleep:
Lessons from Therapeutic Clinical Trials of Sativex((R)), a Cannabis-Based Medicine.
Chem Biodivers, 4(8), 1729-1743.
Wallace, M., Schulteis, G., Atkinson, J. H., Wolfson, T., Lazzaretto, D., Bentley,
H., et al. (2007). Dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced
pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology, 107(5), 785-796.
Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T., Tsodikov, A., Millman, J., Bentley, H., Gouaux, B., et
al. (2008). A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of Cannabis Cigarettes
in Neuropathic Pain. J Pain.
Psychiatric
Frisher, M., Crome, I., Martino, O., & Croft, P. (2009). Assessing the impact
of cannabis use on trends in diagnosed schizophrenia in the United Kingdom from
1996 to 2005. Schizophr Res.
Macleod, J., Davey Smith, G., & Hickman, M. (2006). Does cannabis use cause
schizophrenia? Lancet, 367(9516), 1055.
Macleod, J., Oakes, R., Copello, A., Crome, I., Egger, M., Hickman, M., et al. (2004).
Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young
people: a systematic review of longitudinal, general population studies. Lancet,
363(9421), 1579-1588.
Marsicano, G., Wotjak, C. T., Azad, S. C., Bisogno, T., Rammes, G., Cascio, M. G.,
et al. (2002). The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive
memories. Nature, 418(6897), 530-534.
Mirken, B., & Earleywine, M. (2005). The cannabis and psychosis connection questioned:
a comment on fergusson et Al. 2005. Addiction, 100(5), 714-715.
Walther, S., Mahlberg, R., Eichmann, U., & Kunz, D. (2006). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
for nighttime agitation in severe dementia. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 185(4),
524-528.
Safety
Carter, G. T., Weydt, P., Kyashna-Tocha, M., & Abrams, D. I. (2004). Medicinal
cannabis: rational guidelines for dosing. IDrugs, 7(5), 464-470.
Frisher, M., Crome, I., Martino, O., & Croft, P. (2009). Assessing the impact
of cannabis use on trends in diagnosed schizophrenia in the United Kingdom from
1996 to 2005. Schizophr Res.
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